Why End Mill Flute Count Matters

What is a flute, and why does it matter how many are on my end mill? 

An end mill "flute" is a spiral shaft on a cutting tool where the cutting chips pass through and eject out of. Why is flute count important? The valleys, in between the flutes, control the chip behavior and chip evacuation. Poor evacuation can cause tools to become gummed up and can increase the likelihood of breakage. 

Flute counts typically range from 1-7 flutes. 2 flute and 4 flute end mills are the most common configurations for end mills. 2 Flute end mills are optimal for cutting non-ferrous materials (such as aluminum), while 4 flute cutters are more efficient for harder alloys and steels. 

The fewer flutes an end mill has, the bigger the valley, which allows for a higher material removal rate (MRR). An increased MRR allows for increased tool speed, or surface-rate per/minute (SFR). This improves overall productivity. 

A higher flute count (4+) is great for stronger cutting. Smaller valleys allow for reduced chip deflection and tool wear. Typically, end mills with a higher flute count are used for finishing a workpiece.  

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